Unraveling Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Understanding the Silent Threat
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a formidable adversary, silently developing within the liver and often revealing its presence at an advanced stage. As the most common type of primary liver cancer, HCC demands attention due to its rising incidence and the challenges it poses to both diagnosis and treatment. This blog aims to shed light on Hepatocellular Carcinoma, exploring its causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods,screening and available treatments.
Understanding Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Hepatocellular Carcinoma originates in the hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver. Although the exact cause of HCC is not always clear, chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis B or C infections, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), significantly increase the risk of developing this form of liver cancer.
Risk factors
- Chronic Liver Diseases: Prolonged liver inflammation and damage, often caused by chronic infections or alcohol abuse, can lead to the development of HCC.
- Viral Hepatitis Infections: Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are major contributors to the development of liver cirrhosis leading onto cancer.
- Cirrhosis: Scarring of the liver tissue, commonly resulting from chronic liver diseases, alcohol etc increases the risk of HCC.
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): The accumulation of fat in the liver, especially in the absence of alcohol consumption, is emerging as a significant risk factor.
Signs and Symptoms
In its early stages, HCC may not exhibit noticeable symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, individuals may experience:
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of advanced liver cancer.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver dysfunction.
- Abdominal Pain or Discomfort: Pain or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, especially in the liver area i.e. the right upper part of the abdomen.
- Fatigue: A persistent lack of energy and feeling of weakness.
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If you are experiencing the mentioned signs and symptoms, we urge you to take prompt action. To schedule an online consultation with Dr Poornima Subrahmanya (MBBS, MS - General Surgery, DrNB- Surgical Gastroenterology), please reach out to us via WhatsApp +91 82177 51382 .
Diagnosis
Diagnosing HCC involves a combination of imaging studies, blood tests, and sometimes liver biopsy. Common diagnostic tools include:
- Ultrasound: Imaging technique to visualize the liver and detect abnormal growths.
- CT Scan and MRI: More detailed imaging methods to characterize liver lesions.
- Blood Tests: Elevated levels of certain tumor marker proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may indicate the presence of HCC.
- Liver Biopsy: A sample of liver tissue is taken for examination sometimes to confirm the presence of cancer. This is not always essential to diagnose and treat HCC.
Treatment Options
Diagnosing HCC involves a combination of imaging studies, blood tests, and sometimes liver biopsy. Common diagnostic tools include:
- Ultrasound: Imaging technique to visualize the liver and detect abnormal growths.
- CT Scan and MRI: More detailed imaging methods to characterize liver lesions.
- Blood Tests: Elevated levels of certain tumor marker proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may indicate the presence of HCC.
- Liver Biopsy: A sample of liver tissue is taken for examination sometimes to confirm the presence of cancer. This is not always essential to diagnose and treat HCC.
Conclusion
Hepatocellular Carcinoma remains a formidable challenge, but increased awareness, early detection, and advancements in treatment options offer hope for improved outcomes.
Regular screenings for those at high risk, such as individuals with chronic liver diseases, are crucial. As research continues and medical technologies advance, the fight against HCC is progressing, bringing us closer to a future where this silent threat can be effectively managed and, ideally, prevented.